sex se

United Nations Population Fund - India
Addressing Prenatal Sex Selection
The Issue
The ratio of men to women is a powerful indicator of the social health of any society. In socially
and economically advanced societies, sex ratios at birth are favourable to females (Source:
http://www.unfpa.org/culture/case_studies/india_study.htm
). The natural ratio is about 105 boys
per 100 girls, or above 950 girls per 1000 boys, as calculated in the Indian context. In India, birth
data being unevenly available, the Census 2001 child sex ratio (0-6 years) f igures are widely used
to understand the extent of the practice of prenatal sex selection. According to Census 2001, the
child sex ratio dropped from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001. The recent Sample Registration Survey
figures put the sex ratio at birth for India at 892 girls per 1000 boys (2004 – 06 moving average).
There are no firm statistics however at either the state or national levels on the practice of prenatal
sex selection. Various estimates put the figure at 5–7 lakh girls missing each year due to prenatal
sex selection.
The Cause
In India, family and social pressures to produce a son are immense. In most regions, sons are
desired for reasons related to kinship, inheritance, last rites, identity, status, economic security,
means of support for aging parents and lineage. The high cost of providing dowry to a daughter
also goes against her. These cultural, social and economic factors result in girls being viewed as
a burden and result in the practice of prenatal sex selection.
Surprisingly, ratios are highly adverse in urban and affluent areas. Even here, women are not
recognized as productive citizens in their own right, and are likely to face family pressure to have
a son. The practice of prenatal sex selection is most prevalent in regions that boast high levels of
educational attainment and relative prosperity. The illegal availability and affordability of
prenatal screening technology and a large number of private medical facilities willing to illegally
cater to this demand has abetted the practice. For example, a study by the Christian Medical
Association of India (CMAI) , taking into account 11 ,267 births for the year 2000–2001 collected
from one of the public hospitals in Delhi, showed the following trend:
Birth Order Sex of previous child Sex Ratio at birth (girls to
1000 boys)
One male child 959 2nd order
One female child 542
One male and one female child 558 3rd order
Two female children 219
Source : CMAI study 2001
Thus, it is increasingly evident that economic progress has not necessarily changed the traditions
of gender discrimination. The study also shows a second daughter is less tolerated than the first
and chances of having a third daughter are further reduced to 219 girls only for every 1000 boys.
The CMAI study reiterates the fact that the sex of the previous child often exerts a greater
influence on whether the family will tolerate a daughter or not, as compared to other factors.
United Nations Population Fund - India
Another important factor to note is that of the falling fertility in India. Couples today wa nt small
families with no more than 2 children. However, in a large number of these families, at least one
(if not both) children have to be a son. In states like Punjab , this phenomenon has gone a step
further where couples do not want a second child , if the first is a son. Families now seem to be
saying “we don’t detest daughters, but we need at least one son”.
Prenatal sex selection and crime against women
Evidence is also mounting that skewed sex ratios, combined with the traditional low status of
Indian women, is beginning to have an effect on traditional concepts of the family. Marriage
patterns themselves may undergo a change as cultural practices such as polyandry and exchange
marriages reappear in some states. For example, there is anecdotal evidence that in rural Punjab
and Haryana, polyandrous unions are occurring where one woman, often ‘purchased’ from poorer
regions or from lower castes, is forced to be ‘wife’ not only to her husband, but also to his
brothers. These women inhabit the very lowest rungs of the family hierarchy and are at the risk of
emotional, physical and sexual abuse.
Demographers warn that future deficits of adult women will affect the stability of the entire
marriage system. Not only will it impact quality of life and the rights of women, but many men,
particularly the poorest, may be unable to marry, creating potential social unrest, and conditions
are likely to increase sexual violence against women1
.
Legal recourse to abate prenatal sex selection
Through combined efforts of health and human rights activists, legal measures to ban the use of
prenatal diagnostic techniques for prenatal sex selection were first passed in Maharashtra in 1988.
Similar efforts at the national level resulted in the enactment in 1994, of the Pr enatal Diagnostics
Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act. Though the law became operational in
1996, it proved difficult to enforce.
Amendments to the Act were made in 2002 following public interest litigation in the Supreme
Court of India, jointly led by civil society organizations, and health and human rights activists.
The amendment to the Act brought under the law pre -conception techniques as well . It made
mandatory the registration of facilities and clinics offering ultrasound services, laid down a
procedure to maintenance and scrutiny of their records, made it illegal to divulge the sex of the
child, and to advertise such services.
What needs to be done
While Act implementation is being strengthened , a simultaneous effort at mindset change is also a
must to uproot son preference. Most importantly, it is necessary to engage with the urban,
aspiring middle class through its role models. Along with awareness building activities,
partnerships must involve the media, college and school students, faith-based leaders, and the
art, entertainment and marketing industries.

1
http://www.empowerpoor.com/relatednews.asp?report=656 – prenatal sex selection to have sever impact :
UN body. Also refer country case studies for China, Nepal, Vietnam and India at :
http://www.unfpa.org/gender/case_studies.htm.

United Nations Population Fund - India
Looking towards the trend in birth data, it is clear that PCPNDT Act implementation has to gear up
further. Capacities of those responsible for Act implementation need to be strengthened. If there
are violations, cases need to be filed expeditiously and convictions need to be publicized for their
deterrent effect. Needless to say , son preference has existed for centuries in India. It is the
misuse of modern technology that has made it possible to actualize it. Therefore, Act
implementation has to be given due importance in the short term. In the long run, prenatal sex
selection and son preference need to become the community’s own concern so that it endeavours
to find local solutions, and in the process changes the long held patriarchal beliefs and
expectations that discriminate against daughters.
What UNFPA does
Eliminating the practice of prenatal sex selection requires changes in the way girls and women
are valued by society. In this direction, UNFPA supports the Government in a comprehensive
approach that includes building media interest, creating community-based networks to advocate
against the practice, sensitizing health providers , and other key stakeholders , like young people,
the medical community, and faith based organizations and leaders to act against prenatal sex
selection the medium of their work.
Following a phase of intensive multi-stakeholder advocacy from 2004-07, UNFPA has now
prioritized its actions towards three main objectives:

ß Strengthen Act implementation and addressing the supply side of prenatal sex selection
services
ß Address demand for prenatal sex selection services and change community mindsets
ß Sustain public debate – influence key audiences such as youth, media, medical
community, faith-based organizations, and others
Note : Please also refer to the publications section of this website to learn more about the issue,
details of law and advocacy efforts in the area of addressing prenatal sex sele ction
(http://india.unfpa.org/?publications).

have a good time

! ! ! ! Celebrating Women's Day! ! ! ! !, Mamta Agarwal

Mamta Agarwal	PoemHunter.com

! ! ! ! Celebrating Women's Day! ! ! ! ! When God sat down to make a woman He gave her empathy love and compassion, By the time he finished with her He had no more left for the man. He gave her the ability to be a mother And nurture and take care of others. Slowly, on reflecting, it dawned on her She was being treated like a piece of furniture. At first she resigned to her fate Bore the indifference of her progeny and mate. Slowly she realised she didn't have to be a victim, And didn't have to be at the mercy or everyone's whims. She knew it was not going to be an easy battle to be won, Yet she took on everyone. She began to firmly express her views And waited to get her due. At first it didn't go down well with anyone, They wondered if she had been possessed by a demon. Men were not amused, In fact they were confused. We give her food, clothes and roof over her head, But the woman had empowered herself to earn her own bread, Car, house and thus managed to redeem, With her hard work her self esteem. She had made a tough choice, And finally had a voice Men tried very hard to keep her in her place And made sure she got no space. They were not at par, This is a question I have to ask the Lord. So there was a war, Did man pay a ransom to God? No matter what a woman achieves, She rarely receives The acknowledgement which she deserves. Yet she is able to preserve Her sanity and peace. And learn to live with dis-ease, Then her inner voice whispered to her, Don't resign just pamper His ego, and give him the credit For all the merit. Watch how his chest swells with pride And he might be on your side. Men actually never grow up, So from time to time pump Them up with a hug and a fancy meal. It will make them feel Like a king while you smile. It's not all that difficult to use a little guile. Silly women you haven't gone about it the right way, Use your soft, cunning, clever, gentle voice and say I am so proud to be wearing this wedding band. Chances are he will be eating out of your hand. You only stand to gain Even if you feign. So go ahead and do your own thing, Let him feel you owe him your sense of well being. Women's liberation never went down well with men So don't chant what women want while you are in your den While you laze around sipping your wine Don't be surprised if he sheepishly asks, 'will you like to go out to dine? ' God you made us smart Right from the start. It took us a long time to realise And become cool, calm and wise, To use enlightened manipulation With a subtle passion While having our own way So that he may Feel we were just following his command, And there was no reason to feel alarmed. If he says he wants to bond with his male friends, Smile and say go I have lots of errands There is no point to sulk and wait, Till he returns and opens the gate. Use this time to make sure You have a good time even if you just go for a pedicure. Indulge in your famous past times While sipping soda and lime. Chances are when you have both had your space, You won't have to face Cold vibes and bad temper, This will only hamper You from a good night sleep, While you helplessly weep While he sleeps and snores by your side, And you swallow your pride. Women love yourselves, and put youselves first But please you must Not voice it at all This way I promise you will have a ball. Mamta Agarwal

Click here for other poems of Mamta Agarwal

BLOOD TYPE SHOW WHAT YOU ARE ေသြးက ေျပာတဲ့ သင့္အေၾကာင္း

BLOOD TYPE SHOW WHAT YOU ARE ေသြးက ေျပာတဲ့ သင့္အေၾကာင္း

         
  BLOOD GROUP O BLOOD GROUP A BLOOD GROUP B BLOOD GROUP AB
In a nutshell
အတြင္းစိတ္
Cannot stand people who hide the truth

အမွန္ကိုဖံုးကြယ္တတ္သူေတြကုိ သည္းမခံ
Pessimistic and too sensitive

အဆိုးျမင္၊ အထိမခံ
Cannot take orders easily ေျပာစကား လြယ္လြယ္လက္မခံ
Romantic and sentimental ခ်စ္တတ္ ခံစားတတ္

Basic Behavior အေျခခံအျပဳအမူ
Make objectives clear ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ ျဖစ္ေအာင္လုပ္တတ္
Careful about decision-making

ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ရာတြင္ ဂရုစိုက္တတ္
Make decisions fast ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ ျမန္ျမန္ခ်တတ္
Extremely practical အရမ္းလက္ေတြ႔က်တတ္

  Possess great deal of confidence ကိုယ့္ကိုယ္ကို ယံုၾကည္ခ်က္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းရိွတတ္
Make things clear in black and white

အျဖဴအမဲ ကြဲျပားရွင္းလင္း ေအာင္လုပ္တတ္
Can be flexible လိုက္ေလ်ာ ညီေထြရိွသည္
Excellent in analyses ခြဲျခားစိတ္ျဖမ္း တတ္

  Honest, optimistic and energetic ရိုးသား၊ အေကာင္းျမင္၊ ထက္ျမက္
Care too much about social rules and standards လူမွဳ စည္းကမ္း သတ္မွတ္ခ်က္ေတြကို အေလးထားတတ္
Do not care about rules စည္းမ်ဥ္းစည္းကမ္း ေတြ စိတ္မ၀င္စား
Give fair criticisms မွ်တစြာ ေ၀ဖန္တတ္

      Respect scientific and practical findings

သိပၸံပညာ နဲ႔ လက္ေတြ႔ ရွာေဖြေတြ႔ရိွမူေတြကို ေလးစား
Cannot decide when it comes to important issues

အေရးၾကီး ကိစၥၾကံဳလွ်င္ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္မခ်ႏိုင္

Tolerance သည္းခံႏိုင္စြမ္း
Strength and endurance depend on their aim

ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ေပၚမူတည္ျပီး အားထုတ္ႏိုင္ အၾကမ္းခံႏိုင္
High tolerance for physical or repetitive work

ထပ္ကာထပ္ကာလုပ္ရျခင္းနဲ႔ ကိုယ္ကာယသံုး လုပ္ရျခင္းေတြ အေပၚ ေကာင္းေကာင္း သည္းခံႏိုင္
Maintain the longest interest in what they do

သူတို႔လုပ္ေနတဲ့ အရာမွာ စိတ္၀င္စားမူကုိ ၾကာရွည္စြာ ထိန္းႏိုင္
Try to be hard-working ၾကိဳးစားပန္းစား လုပ္ကိုင္တတ္

  Give up easily if they find the job meaningless

သူတို႔အဓိပၸါယ္မရိွေတာ့ဘူး ထင္တာနဲ႔ အလြယ္တကူ လက္လႊတ္တတ္Cannot take changes easily

အေျပာင္းအလဲကို အလြယ္တကူ လက္မခံႏိုင္
Seem impatient စိတ္မရွည္ဘူး ထင္ရသည္
Tend to be impatient စိတ္မရွည္တတ္

    Lose interest in a hobby easily

၀ါသနာတခုကို အလြယ္တကူ စိတ္၀င္စားမူ ေလ်ာ့တတ္
Dislike repetitious work ထပ္ကာထပ္ကာ လုပ္ရတာေတြကုိ မၾကိဳက္
 
How do they see their future and past? Positive about the past, thus do not regret about the past

အတိတ္ကို အေကာင္းျမင္လို႔ ျပီးခဲ့တာေတြ အတြက္ ေနာင္တမရတတ္
Try hard to forget the past အတိတ္ကို လြယ္လြယ္ မေမ့တတ္
Hard to forget recent affairs, but able to forget past and memories

ေလာေလာလတ္လတ္ ကိစၥေတြကို လြယ္လြယ္ မေမ့ေပမဲ့ အတိတ္နဲ႔ အမွတ္တရေတြကိုေတာ့ ေမ့ႏိုင္
Sentimental about the past အတိတ္နဲ႔ ပက္သက္ျပီး ခံစားခ်က္ျပင္း

အတိတ္နဲ႔ အနာဂတ္အေပၚ သူတို႔ရဲ့သေဘာထား
Seek financial stability for the future

အနာဂတ္အတြက္ ဘဏၭာေရး တည္ျငိမ္ေအာင္ ျပင္ဆင္တတ္
Pessimistic about the future

ေရွ႔ေရးကို အဆိုးျမင္တတ္
  More concern about the immediate problems than anything else

အျခားဟာေတြထက္ လက္ရိွ ကိစၥကို ပိုအာရံုထား

How do they express their emotions? Usually stable and calm

အျမဲတမ္း တည္ျငိမ္ ေအးေဆး
Able to display cool outlook even though angry

စိတ္ဆုိးေနလွ်င္ေတာင္ ေအးေအးေဆးေဆး ေနျပႏိုင္
Expressive ခံစားခ်က္ကို ေဖၚျပတတ္
Sentimental

ခံစားခ်က္ ျပင္းထန္

ခံစားခ်က္ကို ျပတတ္ပံု
Sensitive towards sincerity

ရိုးသားျဖဴစင္မွဳနဲ႔ ပက္သက္ရင္ သည္းသည္းလွဳပ္ ခံစားတတ္
Short-tempered
စိတ္တိုတတ္
Cool and objective

ေအးေအးေဆးေဆး နဲ႔ အခ်က္က်က် ေဖၚျပတတ္
Usually cool and steady, but can get upset with an immediate, unsolved problem

ပံုမုန္ ေအးေဆး တည္ျငိမ္ေပမဲ့ အေရးေပၚ (သို႔) မရွင္းႏိုင္တဲ့ ျပသနာေတြ ၾကံဳရင္ စိတ္ညစ္တတ္

  Give frank, direct opinions ပြင့္လင္းျပီး တည့္တည့္ ေျပာတတ္
Take longer to heal a broken heart

အသည္းကြဲ ဒဏ္ရာ ျပန္ေကာင္းဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္ၾကာတတ္
Although joke a lot, could actually be very shy

အေျပာင္အပ်က္ ေျပာတတ္ေပမဲ့ အရမ္းရွက္တတ္Can get moody easily စိတ္ အေျပာင္းအလဲျမန္တတ္

    Sensitive to others' opinions

သူတပါးရဲ့ ထင္ျမင္ ယူဆခ်က္ကို ထိခိုက္ ခံစားတတ္
Change moods like the weather ရာသီဥတုလိုပဲ စိတ္ေျပာင္းတတ္
 
      Cannot stop complaining when they are upset

မႏွစ္ျမိဳ႔တာေတြ႔လွ်င္ အျပစ္ေျပာမဆံုး
 
How do they work? Ability to concentrate vary from time to time, depending on aim
ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ ေပၚမူတည္ျပီး တခ်ိန္နဲ႔ တခ်ိန္ အာရံုစူးစိုက္ႏိုင္မူက ေျပာင္းလဲ
Perfectionist

 ျပည့္စံုသူ

Creative and possess new ideas

ဖန္တီးႏိုင္စြမ္း ရိွ.. စိတ္ကူးအသစ္ အဆန္း ပိုင္ဆိုင္
Able to handle a wide scope of jobs

အလုပ္နဲ႔ပက္သက္ျပိး က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ျပန္႔ ကိုင္တြယ္ႏိုင္

လုပ္ရည္ကိုင္ရည္
Mostly prefer to lead

ဦးေဆာင္ခ်င္
Handle one thing at a time တခ်ိန္မွာကိစၥတခုသာကိုင္တြယ္
Cannot differentiate between work and hobby

၀ါသနာနဲ႔ အလုပ္ မခြဲျခားႏိုင္
Value hard work

အလုပ္ၾကိဳးစားျခင္းကို တန္ဖိုးထား

  Can overlook details အေသးအဖြဲေလးေတြကို ေက်ာ္ၾကည့္တတ္၊ သတိမထားမိတတ္
Work a line between work and personal affairs

ကုိယ္ေရးကိုယ္တာနဲ႔ အလုပ္ ကုိ ခြဲျခားႏိုင္
Cannot take orders

အမိန္႔ေပးတာ မခံႏိုင္
Quick in understanding

ျမန္ျမန္ နားလည္တတ္

    Highly responsible

တာ၀န္ယူႏိုင္
Do not hesitate to introduce innovative changes and are not worried about theirs criticisms
အသစ္အဆန္း အေျပာင္းအလဲကို မျငင္းဆန္တတ္၊ အမ်ားေ၀ဖန္မွဳကို လည္း မစိုးရိမ္တတ္
Not highly responsible and unable to follow-up on a project until its completion
ပေရာဂ်က္တခုအေပၚ ျပီးစီးသည္အထိ ေကာင္းေကာင္း ကိုင္တြယ္ တာ၀န္မယူႏိုင္

    Tend to choose hobbies which help them release stress
စိတ္ဖိစီးမူ ေျဖေဖ်ာက္ႏိုင္တဲ့ ၀ါသနာကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏိုင္
  Tend to be artistic in approach အႏုပညာဆန္ဆန္ ခ်ည္းကပ္တတ္
 
   

have a good time

arakan

have a good time,,,,,accience arakan

hi

have a good time,

poem

have a good time, TO MY SON
Do you know that your soul is of my soul such part
That you seem to be fibre and core of my heart ?
None other can pain me as you ,son, can do;
None other can please me or praise me as you .
Remember the world will be quick with its blame .
If shadow or or stain ever darken your name .
Like MOTHER, Like SON ,is saying so true
The world will judge largely of Mother by you .
Be this then your task,if task it shall be ,
To force this proud world to do homage to me .
Be sure it will say, when it's verdict you've won,
she reaps as the sowed .This man is her son.


BUILDING THE BRIDGE

A pilgrim,going a lone highway
Came at evening ,cold and gray .
To a chasm , deep and vast and wide .
THE old man cross in the twlight dim.
The chasm held no fears for him
But the paused when he reached the other side
And built a bridge to span the tide.
"OLD MAN" said a fellow pilgrim near .
"why waste your time in building here?
Your journey ends with the close of day
You never again will pass this way .
You've crossed the chasm deep and wide
Why build ye here at eventide?"
The pilgrim raised his old gray head,
"My friend, in the path I've come"he said ,
"There followeth after me today .
A fair haired youth who must pass this way .
The chasm which held no fears for me .
To the fair haired youth may a pitfall be.
He,too, must cross in the twlight dim.
My friend , I am building this bridge for him.

sic

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how to develop metta

All living Beings Should CultivateMetta
Actually ,metta is so benefical for beings that this kind of metta retreat should exist everywhere .All yogis and human beings should develop metta because in this world ,defielements such as lobha and dosa are very powerful.This is especially true when defilements have been in existence for a long time and have consequently become stronger and more powerful.These defilements are not only deep-seated and potent in human beings but in all living beings.When these kilesas become intense,they burn with great intensity and are full of danger.
In scientific magazine,scientists and writers describe how the world is gradually heating up.In some EU countries,the ice on many hight mountains is melting at an astonishing rate,as the world gets hotter.Why does this condition exist?Many scientists belive the world is getting warming due to the loss of forest,especially tropical rainforest ,which are being lost and destroyed at an alarming rate.Many scientists are studying and trying to understand these problems,so this is factual information.
However ,i would like to suggest on the basis of my Dhamma experience that this situation is really the result of living beings experiencing defilments,which are becoming more intense and forceful .This is undoubtedly true!So,if we dont develop and pratice metta in the future the world may become unbearably hot.That's why each of us should develop metta.We need to turn on metta's air condition right now!Only those people who develop and live with metta in their hearts can live peacefully.In the future ,people who live without metta will have to endure even greater suffering than they do now.
The Meaning Of Metta
According to the scriptures,metta is the wish for the welfare and happiness of all living beings.Metta benefitsn all living beings.The felling of metta can be compared to the love of a mother for her own child .A caring mother wishes for the welfare and happiness of all living beings.In the metta Sutta,metta is compared to the love of mother for her own child .
In a family,there are sometimes two kinds of children ,a mother's own biological child ,and perhaps an adoptedf child.Sometimes a mother doesn't have a child of her own ,so she adopts an orphaned child and takecare of him/her as if he/she were her own child .This

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My name is Mrs. Mariam Shanbangu, the wife to the late Mr. Williams Shanbangu Snr Framers Association of Zimbabwe. This might come as a surprise to you about where and how I got your contact address. It was a result of a trusted confident from the South Africa Chamber of commerce and industries in Johannesburg South Africa.
During the current war against the farmers in Zimbabwe, from the supporters of our president Mr. Robert Mugabe, to claim all the white owned farms to his party members and followers. He ordered all white farmers to surrender all farm to his party members and followers. My Husband was one of the very best farmers in our country and was in partnership with a white Man. Mr. Lawrence Smith from England. He refused giving to Mr. Mugabe's ideas so his farm was burnt and invaded by Mugabe's supporters. Everything was burnt in which my Husband and his partner were killed during the invasion and they made away with lots of items. Before his death my Husband has deposited with one Security Company in Johannesburg , South Africa . The sum of US$25 Million dollars (Twenty Five Million United States Dollars) this money was meant for the purchase of some farming equipments and materials from a Company here in South Africa.
After his death we decided to escape to South Africa. Where he has deposited this sum with the security Company as valuables (in a treasure box). I decided to contact a foreigner, from outside the shores of Africa or Companies that will assist my family to move the fund from here. Because of our present status as asylum seekers and also because South Africa and Zimbabwe have a bilateral agreement which can lead to the seizure of the fund if it is invested here in South Africa. Secondly our status has made it impossible to invest the fund or deal directly with the South Africa financial institutions. In the cause of moving the fund to any place my family has agreed to offer you 25% of the fund for your assistant, while 75% will be for me to investment in your Company/country. You can read about my country's problems on this site
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/word/africa/715001.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1063785.stm
All I want you to do is to furnish me with your entire details for easy communication (fax and telephone numbers) you can contact me through my son MR. Mark Shanbangu Through the above telephone and email address .Please note that this transaction is 100% risk free and absolutely confidentiality is required for the safety of my family and the fund,
Thanks and God Bless
Best regards
Mrs. Mariam Shanbangu (For the family).

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